Silicon Facts (Atomic Number 14 or Si)

Silicon is a metalloid element with atomic number 14 and element symbol Si. In pure form, it is a brittle, hard solid with a blue-gray metallic luster. It is best known for its importance as a semiconductor. Fast Facts: Silicon Element Name: SiliconElement Symbol: SiAtomic Number: 14Appearance: Crystalline metallic solidGroup: Group 14 (Carbon Group)Period: Period 3Category: MetalloidDiscovery: Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius (1823) Silicon  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 14 Symbol: Si Atomic Weight: 28.0855 Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1824 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne]3s23p2 Word Origin: Latin: silicis, silex: flint Properties: The melting point of silicon is 1410 °C, boiling point is 2355 °C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25 °C), with a valence of 4. Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, but it is attacked by dilute alkali and by halogens. Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm). Uses: Silicon is one of the most widely used elements. Silicon is important to plant and animal life. Diatoms extract silica from water to build their cell walls. Silica is found in plant ashes and in the human skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. Silicon carbide is an important abrasive and is used in lasers to produce coherent light at 456.0 nm. Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices. Silicone is a class of useful compounds made from silicon. Silicones range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials. Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Sources: Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earths crust, by weight, making it the second most abundant element (exceeded by oxygen). Silicon is found in the sun and stars. It is a principal component of the class of meteorites known as aerolites. Silicon is also a component of tektites, a natural glass of uncertain origin. Silicon is not found free in nature. It commonly occurs as the oxide and silicates, including sand, quartz, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, opal, and citrine. Silicate minerals include granite, hornblende, feldspar, mica, clay, and asbestos. Preparation: Silicon may be prepared by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Amorphous silicon may be prepared as a brown powder, which can then be melted or vaporized. The Czochralski process is used to produce single crystals of silicon for solid-state and semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon may be prepared by a vacuum float zone process and by thermal decompositions of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in an atmosphere of hydrogen. Element Classification: Semimetallic Isotopes: There are known isotopes of silicon ranging from Si-22 to Si-44. There are three stable isotopes: Al-28, Al-29, Al-30. Silicon Physical Data Density (g/cc): 2.33Melting Point (K): 1683Boiling Point (K): 2628Appearance: Amorphous form is brown powder; crystalline form has a grayAtomic Radius (pm): 132Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 12.1Covalent Radius (pm): 111Ionic Radius: 42 (4e) 271 (-4e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.703Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 50.6Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 383Debye Temperature (K): 625.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.90First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 786.0Oxidation States: 4, -4Lattice Structure: DiagonalLattice Constant (Ã…): 5.430CAS Registry Number: 7440-21-3 Pure silicon has a shiny, metallic luster. Martin Konopka / EyeEm, Getty Images Silicon Trivia Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe.Silicon crystals for electronics must have a purity of one billion atoms for every non-silicon atom (99.9999999% pure).The most common form of silicon in the Earths crust is silicon dioxide in the form of sand or quartz.Silicon, like water, expands as it changes from liquid to solid.Silicon oxide crystals in the form of quartz are piezoelectric. The resonance frequency of quartz is used in many precision timepieces. Sources Cutter, Elizabeth G. (1978). Plant Anatomy. Part 1 Cells and Tissues (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-2639-6.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Voronkov, M. G. (2007). Silicon era. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Zulehner, Werner; Neuer, Bernd; Rau, Gerhard, Silicon, Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_721

Hysteria, Evil and Hope Depicted in The Crucible Essay

In â€Å"The Crucible†, there are words that have different meanings based on their context such as hysteria, evil and hope, which applies to the content of the play. Hysteria destroys the people of Salem, evil is within the Devil, and hope is when the characters confess. â€Å"The Crucible† displays hysteria in many ways throughout the play, but the main act of hysteria was that it wrecked the people of Salem. Hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, which is mainly demonstrated by divisions of society. Hysteria takes a main part of the play because it caused the people of Salem to do such unreasonable acts. One hysterical act in â€Å"The Crucible† was during the Salem Witch Trials, one hundred fifth people were accused for practicing†¦show more content†¦Evil is a profoundly immoral and malevolent. Evil is shown all through the play, firstly through the Devil and then through the characters. The Devil is evil because it caused many crimes such as the multiple deaths of babies and so on. Marry Warren and others have been trying to catch the Devil and to stop all this absurd villainy, â€Å"The Devil is loose in Sale, Mr. Proctor, we must discover where he’s hiding.† Although he may seem that all thi s evil is coming from the Devil, yet it is also coming from Abigail Williams. â€Å" You drank a charm to John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor†, this shows that Abigail has the desire to have John Proctor and she is willing to act evil, like the Devil. This clearly shows that this selfish act of Abigail’s was her own act of evil, rather than the Devil’s. In the end, evil is not only the Devil to blame for all the wrongdoings in the play, but other characters also have the qualities of the Devil. The Crucible†, the play indicates that there is hope for the people who have done such disasters.Hope is a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. Though the play has many harmful dramatic actions going on, towards the end there are still people who still have hope by confessing their sinful sins. John Proctor attempts to break the witch trial system by confessing his sins. His first confession is when he admits that he has been cheating onShow MoreRelatedCorrupt Government Lies In 1984 And The Crucible1496 Words   |  6 PagesAll governments lie. It is the duty of the individual to uncover the truth. George Orwell and Arthur Miller warn the readers of the dangers when a corrupt government lies to their citizens to preserve their power in their texts, 1984 and The Crucible. Through their characters, the authors portray the conflict between the State’s propensity to lie and the individual’s desire for truth. Orwell depicts Winston Smith f ighting against the â€Å"lies† of the party through the use of literary techniques suchRead MoreThe Crucible By Nicholas Hytner1638 Words   |  7 PagesNicholas Hytner s adaption of Arthur Miller s The Crucible provides an interesting look into the life of the Puritans. The Crucible follows the small town of Salem as they are engulfed in the mass hysteria of witchcraft. A group of young girls are caught dancing in the woods, and thus fearing punishment claim that they were possessed by the devil. Soon the accusations run wild which resulted in the arrest of two-hundred peoples, and the execution of twenty. Today the film is regarded as anRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 3926 Words   |  16 PagesA.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict At its core, The Crucible is a chilling depiction of a community engulfed by hysteria. A fanatically religious community in Salem, Massachusetts becomes embroiled in a witch-hunt initiated by a group of adolescent girls. At the start of the play, Reverend Parris finds his teenage daughter, Betty Parris, â€Å"sick† in bed after she, along with his niece Abigail, his slave Tituba, and a fewRead More How Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? Essay examples3147 Words   |  13 PagesHow Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? In this essay, I will explore the message communicated through The Crucible to its audience, and the way in which its author, Arthur Miller, attempts to convey it, especially through one of the plays main characters, John Proctor. The main issues raised by the play are the role of the individual within society, the value of ones name and perceptions of justice and truth. I shall endeavour to expand on all of these topics and theirRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagescharismatic message of Saint-Simon, Jones and Anservitz come to a similar conclusion. They point out that Saint-Simons â€Å"New Christianity,† drew heavily on two sources: the Christian notion that all persons should love one another and the â€Å"Jewish hope for the coming of a Messianic Era.†78 In fact, Saint-Simonism indicates that the appeal of the charismatic message is derived not only from the fact that it addresses the existential circumstances of a certain cross section of the society, but also

Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg Free Essays

Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Terry V. Hites Prof. Bramlage Dual Diagnosis / Co-Occurring Disorders December 6, 2008 Schizophrenia and substance abuse; which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is a greatly debated topic within families of schizophrenics that abuse alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper I hope to explore the prevalence of substance use with those that suffer from schizophrenia, the age of onset and the age of first use, treatment issues, recovery issues, and finally, the issues regarding the high rate of suicidal thoughts, attempts, and completions within this specific population of individuals. â€Å"The 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health in the United States found that over 23% of adults suffering from serious mental illness abused alcohol or other drugs. In the population without a serious mental illness only 8. 2% abused alcohol or other drugs. Among adults who abused alcohol or other drugs, 20. 4% had a serious mental illness† (Cherry, 2007, p. 37). â€Å"Over 75% of people with a co-occurring disorder who were surveyed during treatment reported a history of childhood physical abuse† (p. 38). Interestingly enough, surveys have shown that individuals are readily willing to address their substance abuse but are not so willing to acknowledge their co-occurring mental illness (p. 9-50). â€Å"The lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in schizophrenia is close to 50%. Substance abuse in schizophrenia is associated with numerous negative consequences, including psychotic relapses criminality, homelessness, unemployment, treatment non-compliance, and health problems† (Potvin, 2007, p. 792). In this population, â€Å"substance abuse is highly prevalent† (p. 792) not just used by a few individuals; but people will abuse substances to cope with the negative or positive symptoms of their illness. When looking at the symptoms that they experience, Potvin goes on to say, â€Å"addicted schizophrenia patients suffer from more severe depressive symptoms, relative to non-abusing patients† (p. 793). Furthermore, the research also shows that males experience the depression more severe than females (p. 797); the depression scale includes anhedonia, psycho motor retardation, etc. (p. 796). Keith goes on to say, â€Å"Substance abuse affects approximately half of patients with schizophrenia and can act as a barrier to compliance† (2007, p. 59). â€Å"The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse (excluding smoking) in patients with schizophrenia has been estimated to be approximately 35 to 55%† (p. 260). â€Å"In addition to experiencing these more severe symptoms, or potentially also as a result, psychosocial problems such as occupational, housing or financial difficulties and crime are endemic in the dual-diagnosis population† Keith asserts (p. 261). When exa mining the prevalence of the co-occurring disorders, one would be remiss to not identify the etiology of each. It could be tempting to conclude that PAS [psychoactive substances] use exacerbates depressive symptoms in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients, because long-term use of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine is associated with depressive symptoms† (Potvin, 2007, p. 797). Although these assertions may be concluded, it is also important to not â€Å"draw inferences about causality, and the reverse explanation cannot be ruled out. That is, severe depressive symptoms may lead patients to use PAS, as proposed by the self-medication hypothesis† (p. 97). â€Å"Psychoactive substance use in juveniles and adults is highly correlated with a number of psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia. Young adults with schizophrenia have a 3 times higher prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD’s) than the corresponding age group in the US general population. † (Hsia o, 2007, p. 88). While the amount of research data on this age group is limited due to studies not addressing them, it is difficult to generalize the data collected (p. 88). Alcohol and marijuana were the two most commonly abused agents in our sample. This is consistent with population-based studies of adolescents. The onset of substance use preceded the onset of psychosis in all of our subjects with co-occurring SUD and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is possible that substance abuse precipitated or exacerbated psychosis in these subjects. Epidemiological and neuroscientific evidence suggests that substance abuse, especially cannabis abuse, can precipitate psychosis in vulnerable subjects. Their sample of 50,413 male adolescents who were suspected of having behavioral problems, Weiser et al. found that adolescents who self-reported abuse of drugs at age 16-17 years were twice as likely to be hospitalized later for schizophrenia† (p. 95). Hsiao goes on to state that, â€Å"the onset of substance use preceded their reports of psychotic symptoms in 90% of the cases† (p. 95). In accordance of the research Keith emphasizes that, â€Å"the onset of substance abuse often occurs before or around the time of onset of schizophrenia. In a study in which 232 patients with first episodes of schizophrenia were interviewed, 62% reported that drug abuse began before the onset of schizophrenia symptoms, and 51% said the same of alcohol abuse. Within this population, 34. 6% of drug abuse and 18. 2% of alcohol abuse began within the same month as the onset of schizophrenia symptoms. In addition, patients with schizophrenia are twice as likely to have had a history of substance abuse at the time of the first episode of schizophrenia than are healthy subjects† (p. 260). Keeping all of these early onset of use issues and early occurrences of the illness in mind there is a tremendous amount of barriers between the individual and their recovery. Next we will explore what issues are barriers to their treatment. â€Å"[T]he realization that co-occurring problems are best treated with an integrated approach has only recently been recognized by the treatment community† states Cherry, (p. 38-39). Universal screening is needed but many barriers stand in the way of its implementation, from training time to building an infrastructure of clinicians who support everyone being screened, (p. 9). Ultimately, universal screening is as much about the attitudes of administrators and clinicians as it is about having a reliable and valid screen to identify co-occurring disorders. Nonetheless, a screen that is quickly administered, easy to interpret and takes little or no training to administer can break down many of those barriers. Even though there are barriers to instituting a screening procedure during intake, the importance of screening for concurrent substance abuse and mental health problems is crucial in the effort to provide effective treatment for people with a co-occurring disorder† (p. 0). Potvin reminds us in his research that, â€Å"ideally, depressive symptoms would be measured both during the active phase of substance abuse and after a period of drug withdrawal, to determine whether the observed differences reflect the acute effects of PAS or more stable traits† (p. 797). Likewise, â€Å"[p]ersons with mental heath or substance abuse disorders may not seek help, at least not in the form of professional treatment (i. e. , psychotherapy, medication), because these treatment options are perceived by the person, family, or social network as inappropriate or undesirable† (Kuppin, 2008, p. 20). Kuppin goes on to say, â€Å"[t]hese findings offer important insights for furthering our understanding of how we thin k about the discrepancy between mental illness and substance abuse prevalence and treatment seeking and adherence† (p. 124). Research echoes with relapse among individuals in this particular population; nonetheless, there are those who investigate options available to improve compliance. â€Å"Many patients with schizophrenia may abuse substances for â€Å"hedonistic† reasons, while others may use them in an attempt to reduce symptoms or distress. Alcohol, in particular, can tend to be used more often than illicit drugs, such as opioids or cannabis, though it has also been reported that patients may turn either to alcohol or illicit drugs to alleviate the negative symptoms inadequately treated, or potentially made worse by conventional antipsychotic and the side effect of dysphoria associated with these agents. However, although patients may believe that substance abuse ameliorates symptoms of schizophrenia, data suggest that many of these underlying symptoms may, in fact, be worsened† (Keith, 2007, p. 260). Therein lies the problem, trying to convince a person that the drug he is using is hurting him, when all he sees is this drug is the only thing that keeps me from hurting myself or others; and in itself that is the lie they tell themselves, they do end up trying to hurt themselves, statistics show it. Additionally, statistics show that non-compliant dual-diagnosed patients account for 57% of hospital readmissions, which is an average of 1. 5 admissions per patient each year (p. 261). â€Å"As schizophrenia is a lifelong illness, it requires long term, uninterrupted treatment to optimize outcomes. The low rate of therapy compliance already associated with schizophrenia can be further compromised when patients are also active substance abusers. Intoxication may impair judgment; reduce motivation to pursue long-term goals and lead to a devaluation of the protection offered by antipsychotic medications, resulting in increased hospital readmissions and significantly more severe symptoms† (p. 262). Treatment is further compromised when a patient does not fully â€Å"buy into† his treatment regime and comply with his doctors, counselors, or therapists. Research shows that several different ways have been developed to try to improve compliance such as pharmacologic methods, case management, and assertive community treatment programs; these do help but improved insight and attitudes about schizophrenia has shown to be most helpful for an individual to take ownership for their recovery. â€Å"Moreover, without treatment, many individuals continue to experience several relapses because the untreated disorder is not addressed† (Cherry, 2007, 39). Atypical antipsychotics are recommended for reducing substance abuse in schizophrenia patients and have been shown to be effective in this manner† (Keith, 2007, 259). Studies however do show that those that have developed a strong alliance with their therapist are more likely to comply with a prescribed medication regime (p. 262). Keith additionally adds that, â€Å"treatment for persons who have both schizophrenia and substance abuse was evaluated by incorporating cognitive-behav ioral drug relapse prevention strategies into a skills training method originally developed to teach social and independent living skills to patients with schizophrenia. Results demonstrated that participants learned substance-abuse management skills, and that their drug use decreased. Improvements were also noted in medication adherence, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life† (p. 263). All in all, recovery is possible for the dual-diagnosed patient, but long term treatment and persistence is required; studies have shown that most individuals experience a long line of relapses and several suicidal attempts before fully embracing recovery. Although it is an ugly part of recovery for many of those with schizophrenia, suicidal thoughts and attempts are common. [S]uicide accounts for approximately10-20% of patient deaths in schizophrenia. In this context, the identification of factors contributing to depression in schizophrenia may have implications for the prevention and treatment of these symptoms† (Potvin, 2007, 793). Research has shown that this particular population is at an increased risk after being prescribed clozapine or olanzapin e and they are currently abusing substances; likewise an increased awareness needs to be made by those working with these individuals to identify and screen for the suicidal ideation (Keith, 2007, p. 61). In conclusion, the prevalence of schizophrenia and substance abuse is great in this country; as well as the age of onset of symptoms and age of first use. Individual treatment issues as well as recovery issues can act as a barrier to one achieving recovery. Although recovery has been shown to be attainable, suicidal thoughts and attempts can be a major deterrent to many individuals experiencing it; through increased compliance via pharmacological services, case management or other methods, individuals can see it. So, schizophrenia or substance abuse; which came first, the chicken or the egg? I’ll let you decide; personally I will work in the framework of integrated treatment and work with the co-occurring disorder. References Cherry, A. L. , Dillon, M. E. , Hellman, C. M. ,   Ã‚  Barney, L. D. (2007). The AC-COD Screen: Rapid Detection of People with the Co-Occurring Disorders of Substance Abuse, Mental Illness, Domestic Violence, and Trauma. Journal of Dual Diagnosis*, [No Volume/Issue], 35-53. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Hsiao, R. ,  Ã‚   McClellan, J. (2007). Substance Abuse in Early Onset Psychotic Disorders. Journal of Dual Diagnosis*, [No Volume/Issue], 87-99. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Keith,  S. (2007). Dual Diagnosis of Substance Abuse and Schizophrenia: Improving Compliance with Pharmacotherapy. Clinical Schizophrenia Related Psychoses, 1(3), 259-269. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Kuppin. (2008). Public Conceptions of Serious Mental Illness and Substance Abuse, Their Causes and Treatments: Findings from the 1996 General Social Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), S120. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Potvin. (2007). Meta-analysis of depressive symptoms in dual-diagnosis schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(10), 792-799. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . How to cite Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?, Papers

Bram Stoker Essay Research Paper Bram StokerAbraham free essay sample

Bram Stoker Essay, Research Paper Bram Stoker Abraham ( Bram ) Stoker was born November 8, 1847 at 15 The Crescent, Clontarf, North of Dublin, the 3rd of seven kids. For the first 7 old ages of his life Stoker was bedridden with a myriad of childhood diseases which afforded him much clip to reading. By the clip he went to college, Stoker had somehow overcome his childhood maladies and piece at Trinity College, Dublin, the honor pupil was involved in association football and was a endurance contest running title-holder. He was besides involved in assorted literary and dramatic activities, a precursor to his ulterior involvements in the theatre and his engagement with the lifting action Henry Irving, whose public presentation he had critiqued as a pupil at Trinity. After graduation from college, and in his male parent s footfalls, he became a civil retainer, keeping the place of junior clerk in the Dublin Castle. His literary calling began every bit early as 1871 and in that twelvemonth he took up a station as the unpaid play critic for the # 8220 ; Evening Mail, # 8221 ; while at the same clip composing short narratives. We will write a custom essay sample on Bram Stoker Essay Research Paper Bram StokerAbraham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His first literary # 8220 ; success # 8221 ; came a twelvemonth subsequently when, in 1872, The London Society published his short narrative # 8220 ; The Crystal Cup. # 8221 ; As early as 1875 Stoker s alone trade name of fiction had come to the head. In a four portion series called the # 8220 ; Chain of Destiny, # 8221 ; were subjects that would go Stoker s hallmark: horror assorted with love affair, incubuss and expletives. Stoker encountered Henry Irving once more, this clip in the function of Hamlet, 10 old ages after Stoker s Trinity yearss. Stoker, still really much the critic ( and still keeping his civil service place ) , gave Irving s public presentation a favourable reappraisal. Impressed with Stoker s reappraisal, Irving invited Stoker back phase and the attendant friendly relationship lasted until Irving s decease in 1905. The Stoker/Irving partnership solidified around the twelvemonth 1878. During this clip Henry Irving had taken over his ain theatre company calle d the London Lyceum, but he didn T like the direction, and T herefore approached Stoker to manage concern, at which point Stoker gave up his authorities occupation and became the acting director of the theatre. A short clip after Stoker began his new calling, the publication house of Sampson, Lowe contacted him showing involvement in a aggregation of Stoker s narratives. # 8220 ; Under the Sunset # 8221 ; was published in 1891 and was good received by some of the critics, but others thought the book excessively terrorizing for kids. Stoker was already fascinated with the impression of the # 8220 ; boundaries of life and decease # 8221 ; ( Leatherdale, p.63 ) which made this book excessively terrorizing for kids at least in some of the referee s heads. By the clip Stoker had received favourable reappraisals for his love affair novel # 8220 ; The Snake s Pass # 8221 ; ( 1890 ) , he was already doing notes for a novel with a lamia subject, and by 1894 he was back to macabre subjects. It seemed merely a natural effect that # 8220 ; Dracula # 8221 ; would follow and was published in June 1897. Reviews on # 8220 ; Dracula # 8221 ; were assorted, and the book neer yielded much money for Stoker. In a favourable reappraisal the # 8220 ; Daily Mail # 8221 ; compared it with # 8220 ; Frankenstein # 8221 ; and Poe s # 8220 ; The Fall of the House of Usher. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The Bookman # 8221 ; found it sympathetic in musca volitanss but commented that the # 8220 ; descriptions were horrid and repulsive. # 8221 ; ( Leatherdale, p.68 ) For the following few old ages after # 8220 ; Dracula s # 8221 ; publication, events took a downward spiral for both Irving and Stoker. There were problems with Irving s constitution and a fire destroyed portion of the theatre ( including some of import scenery ) and Irving finally sold it. Stoker did pull off nevertheless to print # 8220 ; The Jewel of the 7 Stars # 8221 ; in 1903, and it was a novel based on the information given to Stoker by an Egyptologist. In 1905 Henry Irving died, go forthing the aging Stoker without a steady jot for the first clip in his life. A twelvemonth after Irving s decease Stoker wrote # 8220 ; Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving. # 8221 ; Stoker managed to compose other novels after this point until the clip of his decease in 1912 at the age of 64.